UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM 8-K
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CURRENT REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): January 13, 2025
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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617 ) 871-2098
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item 7.01. Regulation FD Disclosure.
John P. Butler, President and Chief Executive Officer of Akebia Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”), plans to present the information in the presentation attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 (the “Presentation”) at the 43rd Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference on January 16th, 2025 at 7:30 a.m. PST. Spokespersons of the Company also plan to present the information in the Presentation at various meetings beginning on January 13, 2025, including investor and analyst meetings that coincide with the J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference.
A copy of the Presentation is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information in this Current Report on Form 8-K (including Item 7.01 and Exhibit 99.1) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
By providing the information in Item 7.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K, including Exhibit 99.1 hereto, the Company is not making an admission as to the materiality of any information herein. The information contained in this Current Report on Form 8-K is intended to be considered in the context of more complete information included in the Company’s filings with the SEC and other public announcements that the Company has made and may make from time to time by press release or otherwise. The Company undertakes no duty or obligation to update or revise the information contained in this Current Report on Form 8-K, although it may do so from time to time as its management believes is appropriate. Any such updating may be made through the filing of other reports or documents with the SEC, through press releases or through other public disclosures.
Item 8.01. Other Events.
The Company expects that its existing cash resources and cash from operations will be sufficient to fund its current operating plan, including the U.S. Vafseo® launch and planned pipeline advancement, for at least two years. There can be no assurance that the current operating plan will be achieved in the time frame anticipated by the Company or that its cash resources will fund its operating plan for the period of time anticipated by the Company, or that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all.
Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits
Exhibit No. | Description | |||||||
99.1 | ||||||||
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) | |||||||
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| AKEBIA THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||||||||
Date: January 13, 2025 | By: | /s/ John P. Butler | ||||||
| Name: John P. Butler | ||||||||
| Title: President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
1 Bettering the Lives of People Impacted by Kidney Disease John Butler, CEO January 2025 NASDAQ: AKBA
Cautionary note on forward-looking statements Statements in this presentation regarding Akebia Therapeutics, Inc.’s (“Akebia’s”) strategy, plans, prospects, expectations, beliefs, intentions and goals are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: Akebia's plans, strategies and prospects for its business; Akebia's plans with respect to its U.S. commercial launch of Vafseo®, including the potential U.S. market opportunity and target patient population and ability to execute a successful launch; statements regarding commercial supply contract coverage for Vafseo with dialysis organizations and Akebia’s ability to make Vafseo available to nearly 100% of U.S. dialysis patients; statements regarding Vafseo’s potential to become standard of care for treatment of anemia due to CKD; statements regarding Akebia’s ability to execute a successful commercial launch of Vafseo, including statements regarding the demand for Vafseo from prescribers; Akebia’s ability to drive Vafseo toward a potential standard of care and demonstrate the potential additional benefits of Vafseo for patients and support label expansion, and expectations regarding the timing of full enrollment of the VOICE trial; Akebia’s beliefs that it is positioned to succeed in the dialysis market and to chart a path to capitalize on a significantly larger non-dialysis market opportunity; Akebia's plans and expectations with respect to potential Vafseo label expansion to treat anemia in late-stage CKD patients who are not on dialysis, including the timing of a Phase 3 clinical trial, statements regarding correspondence with the FDA and expectations regarding the potential data package; Akebia’s expectations related to the market opportunity, including payor dynamics and net price, for Vafseo in the U.S. non-dialysis patient population; statements regarding Akebia’s early hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) research and the potential therapeutic applications of the HIF pathway targeting high unmet needs, including Akebia’s expectations about market opportunity and ability to execute on its development plans and expectations on the timing of a first in human trial for AKB-9090; and Akebia's goals, objectives and expectations with respect to its operating plan, expenses, cash resources and sources of funding for its cash runway, including that its existing cash and cash from operations will be sufficient to fund its operations for at least two years. The terms "intend," "believe," "plan," "goal," "potential," "anticipate, "estimate," "expect," "future," "will," "continue," derivatives of these words, and similar references are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Actual results, performance or experience may differ materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement as a result of various risks, uncertainties and other factors, including, but not limited to, risks associated with: the commercial availability of Vafseo; the potential demand and market potential and acceptance of, as well as coverage and reimbursement related to, Auryxia® and Vafseo, including estimates regarding the potential market opportunity; the competitive landscape for Auryxia and Vafseo, including potential generic entrants; the ability of Akebia to attract and retain qualified personnel; Akebia's ability to implement cost avoidance measures and reduce operating expenses; decisions made by health authorities, such as the FDA, with respect to regulatory filings and other interactions; the potential therapeutic benefits, safety profile, and effectiveness of Vafseo; the results of preclinical and clinical research; manufacturing, supply chain and quality matters and any recalls, write-downs, impairments or other related consequences or potential consequences; and early termination of any of Akebia's collaborations. Other risks and uncertainties include those identified under the heading "Risk Factors" in Akebia's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, and other filings that Akebia may make with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in the future. These forward-looking statements (except as otherwise noted) speak only as of the date of this presentation, and, except as required by law, Akebia does not undertake, and specifically disclaims, any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this presentation. Akebia Therapeutics®, Auryxia® and Vafseo® are registered trademarks of Akebia Therapeutics, Inc. and its affiliates. 2
3 First Vafseo® (vadadustat) Shipment on January 9
Leading commercial-stage company focused on kidney disease 4 Vafseo® (vadadustat) launched as treatment for anemia due to chronic kidney disease for adult patients on dialysis ~$1billion U.S. market opportunity in dialysis patient population1 Nobel prize-winning Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-based platform enables development of novel chemical entities Advancing pipeline of additional assets in kidney and rare disease targeting high unmet medical needs Expect existing cash resources and cash from operations will be sufficient to fund current operating plan for at least two years Pursuing label expansion of Vafseo for late-stage non-dialysis CKD population Multi-billion-dollar U.S. market opportunity with Phase 3 trial planned in mid-2025
Vafseo launch underway Vafseo® (vadadustat) Tablets indicated for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults who have been receiving dialysis for at least three months Click here for the Full Prescribing Information, including BOXED WARNING and Medication Guide. 5 FDA approval March 2024 Contracts secured covering nearly 100% of U.S. dialysis patients January 2025 First Product Shipped January 9, 2025 Transitional Drug Add-On Payment Adjustment (TDAPA) reimbursement granted October 2024 This presentation is intended for investor purposes only and is not intended for promotional purposes
Nearly 25% of patients with anemia due to CKD fall below target hemoglobin levels 2 Suboptimal approach for home dialysis patients since ESAs need to be injected subcutaneously or intravenously Patients who are ESA hyporesponders (~20% of patients on dialysis) have higher rates of hospitalization and higher one-year mortality3 Current standard of care for patients on dialysis – erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) – has remained unchanged for 30 years In Akebia market research, more than 2 out of 3 nephrologists identify an unmet need for a treatment for anemia due to CKD, with some of the primary reasons being a treatment with good efficacy, is orally administered and is an option for ESA treatment- resistant patients.5 6 MACE risk increases as dose of an ESA increases4
An oral HIF-PH inhibitor with the potential to become standard of care for treatment of anemia due to CKD 7 Unique mechanism of action built on Nobel Prize-Winning science Stimulates body’s natural response to hypoxia Enhances body’s natural production of EPO Activates iron mobilization Simple titration and fewer dose modifications Convenient oral dosing Controls hemoglobin (Hb) levels over time
U.S. Dialysis Patients Treated for Anemia ~500K Patients1 Home dialysis and higher ESA dose dialysis patients are particularly underserved segments of a billion-dollar U.S. market opportunity Higher ESA Dose = ~150K patients7 May be associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular complications independent of hemoglobin level8 Home use = ~80K patients6 Injectable ESAs are particularly cumbersome in the home setting Home dialysis is a growing segment of market Higher ESA Dose Home Use 8
Strong operational execution sets stage for successful launch 9 Secured commercial contracts Established pricing Secured TDAPA reimbursement Built prescriber demand Contracts in place with dialysis organizations covering nearly 100% of U.S. CKD patients on dialysis Wholesale Acquisition Cost = ~$15,500 per patient annually Transitional Drug Add-On Payment Adjustment provides two years of reimbursement in addition to the ESRD bundled rate Commercial and Medical teams completed more than 20,000 interactions with potential customers since approval
7% 20% 43% 75% 94% 99% 1% 0 months 1 month 2-4 months 6 months 12 months >12 months Would not consider prescribing Cumulative percentage of respondents who would consider prescribing Vafseo after the indicated timeframe post-launch (n=75)9 Nephrologist feedback indicates most would consider prescribing Vafseo 10
Driving toward potential standard of care VOICE The Vafseo Outcomes In-Center Experience trial ~2,200 = Target Patient Enrollment Timing = 18 Months from Last Patient Randomized Collaborative Clinical Trial More than 650 subjects enrolled as of January 10, 2025 Additional studies initiated and planned to demonstrate potential additional Vafseo benefits and support label expansion
We believe we are positioned to succeed in the dialysis market…. …and to chart a path to capitalize on significantly larger non-dialysis market opportunity.
In patients with pre-hemodialysis Hb <9.0 g/dL (n=4855), 73.4% did not receive ESA pre-HD10 All-cause Mortality Risk in Patients With Pre-HD Hb ≥9.0 g/dL (n=3662) vs <9.0 g/dL (n=4461)11 6-Month Pre-ESRD Hb, g/dL <9 9-<10 10-<11 11-<12 ≥12 0.8 — 1.0 — 1.2 — 1.5 — H R fo r A ll- C au se M or ta lit y Association of 6-Month Pre-ESRD Hb Levels With 12-month Post-ESRD All-cause Mortality (n=31,472)12 0.83 0.86 0.88 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 3 Months 6 Months 12 Months Ri sk R at io Months of Follow-up All-cause mortality risk was lower in patients with pre-HD Hb ≥9.0 g/dL vs <9.0 g/dL11 Post-HD mean Hb levels were similar between patient groups11 All-cause mortality rate was higher in patients with Hb <10 g/dL vs Hb 10-<11 g/dL pre-ESRD12 All Hb groups were corrected toward 11-12 g/dL within the first few months post-ESRD12 Anemia may not be optimally managed in CKD non-dialysis population 13
Frustration with ESA use driving declining treatment rates in CKD non- dialysis anemia13 14 20% 45% 24% 36% 18% 35% 15% 27% 17% 27% CKD Stage 4 CKD Stage 5 2020 2021 2022 2023 2020 2021 2022 2023 Percentage of patients treated with ESAs14 2024 2024
Opportunity for Vafseo as HIF-based approach in CKD non-dialysis anemia is viewed favorably15 15 16% 9% 11% 27% 22% 15% Right away Within three months Within six months Within a year More than a year Never 7% 42% 51% Extremely familiar (8-10) Moderately familiar (4-7) Not at all familiar (1-3) Nephrologist treatment of anemia in CKD NDD will increase substantially if HIF-PH inhibitors are FDA approved % of respondents (n=197) Nephrologist promptness of switching eligible patients to HIF-PH inhibitors from ESA if FDA approved % of ESA-treated patients Nephrologist familiarity with HIF-PH inhibitors % of respondents (n=197) 13% 30% 57% Strongly argee (4-5) Moderately agree (3) Strongly disagree (1-2)
• Predominantly private and unbundled government payment • Therefore, expected to garner higher net pricing vs. dialysis Payor dynamics for anemia treatment in non-dialysis segment drive significantly larger market opportunity vs. dialysis segment 16 U.S. non-dialysis market payor dynamics: ~$1 Billion Multiple Billion $ ~500K patients with anemia1 ~550K patients with anemia16
Prespecified U.S. analysis in global PRO2TECT study demonstrated no increased MACE risk versus ESA in the subpopulation17 17 Global study missed primary MACE endpoint
FDA correspondence with Akebia acknowledges an unmet need for safer and orally available therapies to treat anemia due to CKD in certain non-dialysis patients. Planned Vafseo Phase 3 clinical trial in patients with late-stage CKD anemia not on dialysis Planned Phase 3 Trial Design: Cardiovascular Outcomes Study Expected to begin in mid-2025 Expect data package to include PRO2TECT U.S. data set, in- market U.S. dialysis patient safety data, and in-market dialysis and non-dialysis patient safety data from Japan.
Pipeline
Advancing HIF-based pipeline targeting high unmet needs 20 ROP (rare disease) • ~$1.5B+ U.S. market opportunity • ~30K patients20 • No approved treatment ARDS • ~$2B U.S. market opportunity • ~200K patients19 • No approved treatment CS associated AKI • ~$1.5B+ U.S. market opportunity • ~900K CS patients18 • No approved treatment Vadadustat Phase 2A AKBA-9090 AKB-9090 (Novel HIF-PH inhibitor) Planned Phase 1 ~$5B U.S. opportunity AKB-10108 (Novel HIF-PH inhibitor) Preclinical development AKI is acute kidney injury; CS is cardiac surgery; ARDS is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; ROP is Retinopathy of Prematurity
Our Transformation Begins
22 Advance pipeline including initiating first in human trial for AKB-9090 Fully enroll VOICE Trial Execute Vafseo U.S. commercial launch Initiate Vafseo Phase 3 trial in non-dialysis patients in mid-2025 Key 2025 objectives and catalysts
Q&A
WARNING: INCREASED RISK OF DEATH, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, STROKE, VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, and THROMBOSIS OF VASCULAR ACCESS. See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. VAFSEO increases the risk of thrombotic vascular events, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Targeting a hemoglobin level greater than 11 g/dL is expected to further increase the risk of death and arterial and venous thrombotic events, as occurs with erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs), which also increase erythropoietin levels. No trial has identified a hemoglobin target level, dose of VAFSEO, or dosing strategy that does not increase these risks. Use the lowest dose of VAFSEO sufficient to reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION about VAFSEO (vadadustat) tablets 24
CONTRAINDICATIONS • Known hypersensitivity to VAFSEO or any of its components • Uncontrolled hypertension WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Increased Risk of Death, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Venous Thromboembolism, and Thrombosis of Vascular Access A rise in hemoglobin (Hb) levels greater than 1 g/dL over 2 weeks can increase these risks. Avoid use in patients with a history of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular event, or acute coronary syndrome within the 3 months prior to starting VAFSEO. Targeting a Hb level of greater than 11g/dL is expected to further increase the risk of death and arterial and venous thrombotic events, as occurs with ESAs, which also increase erythropoietin levels. No specific Hb target level, dose of VAFSEO, or dosing strategy has been identified to avoid these risks. Use the lowest effective dose and adhere to dosing and Hb monitoring recommendations to avoid excessive erythropoiesis. Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention if they develop signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism, or thrombosis of vascular access. Evaluate and manage promptly if these occur. Hepatotoxicity Hepatocellular injury attributed to VAFSEO was reported in less than 1% of patients, including one severe case with jaundice. All events were asymptomatic and resolved after discontinuation of VAFSEO. The time to onset was generally within the first 3 months of treatment. Elevated serum ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels were observed in 1.8%, 1.8%, and 0.3% of CKD patients treated with VAFSEO, respectively. Measure ALT, AST, and bilirubin before treatment and monthly for the first 6 months, then as clinically indicated. Discontinue VAFSEO if ALT or AST is persistently elevated or accompanied by elevated bilirubin. Not recommended in patients with cirrhosis or active, acute liver disease. Hypertension Worsening of hypertension was reported in 14% (9.4 per 100 person-years [PY]) of patients receiving VAFSEO and 17% (11.8 per 100 PY) of patients receiving darbepoetin alfa. Serious worsening of hypertension was reported in 2.7% (1.7 per 100 PY) of patients receiving VAFSEO and 3% (1.8 per 100 PY) of patients receiving darbepoetin alfa. Cases of hypertensive crisis including hypertensive encephalopathy and seizures have also been reported in patients receiving VAFSEO. Monitor blood pressure. Adjust anti-hypertensive therapy as needed. Seizures Seizures occurred in 1.6% (1.0 per 100 PY) of patients who received VAFSEO and 1.6% (1.0 per 100 PY) of patients who received darbepoetin alfa. Following initiation of VAFSEO, monitor patients closely for premonitory neurologic symptoms. Monitor for new-onset seizures, premonitory symptoms, or change in seizure frequency. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION about VAFSEO (vadadustat) tablets(continued) 25
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION about VAFSEO (vadadustat) tablets(continued) 26 Gastrointestinal Erosion Gastric or esophageal erosions occurred in 6.4% (4.0 per 100 PY) of patients receiving VAFSEO and 5.3% (3.3 per 100 PY) of darbepoetin alfa-treated patients. Serious gastrointestinal (GI) erosions, including GI bleeding and the need for red blood cell transfusions were reported in 3.4% (2.1 per 100 PY) and 3.3% (2.0 per 100 PY) of those receiving VAFSEO and darbepoetin alfa, respectively. Consider the risk of GI erosion in high-risk patients, including those with a history of GI erosion, peptic ulcer disease, and tobacco or alcohol use. Advise patients of the signs and symptoms of erosions and GI bleeding and urge them to seek prompt medical care if present. Serious Adverse Reactions in Patients with Anemia Due to Chronic Kidney Disease and Not on Dialysis The safety of VAFSEO has not been established for the treatment of anemia due to CKD in adults not on dialysis and its use is not recommended in this setting. In large clinical trials in adults with anemia of CKD who were not on dialysis, an increased risk of mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, serious acute kidney injury, serious hepatic injury, and serious GI erosions was observed in patients treated with VAFSEO compared to darbepoetin alfa. Malignancy VAFSEO has not been studied and is not recommended in patients with active malignancies. Malignancies were observed in 2.2% (1.3 per 100 PY) of patients treated with VAFSEO and 3.0% (1.8 per 100 PY) of patients treated with darbepoetin alfa. No evidence of increased carcinogenicity was observed in animal studies. ADVERSE REACTIONS The most common adverse reactions (occurring at ≥ 10%) were hypertension and diarrhea. DRUG INTERACTIONS Iron supplements and iron-containing phosphate binders: Administer VAFSEO at least 1 hour before products containing iron. Non-iron-containing phosphate binders: Administer VAFSEO at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after non-iron-containing phosphate binders. BCRP substrates: Monitor for signs of substrate adverse reactions and consider dose reduction. Statins: Monitor for statin-related adverse reactions. Limit the daily dose of simvastatin (20 mg) and rosuvastatin (5 mg). USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy: May cause fetal harm. Lactation: Breastfeeding not recommended until two days after the final dose. Hepatic Impairment: Not recommended for use in patients with cirrhosis or active, acute liver disease. Please note that this information is not comprehensive. Please click here for the Full Prescribing Information, including BOXED WARNING and Medication Guide.
SOURCES 27 1 USRDS(https://usrds-adr.niddk.nih.gov/2022/end-stage-renal-disease/1-incidence-prevalence-patient-characteristics-and-treatment-modalities);DOPPS (https://www.dopps.org/DPM/DPMSlideBrowser.aspx); Based on internal estimates and industry reports estimating ESA pricing 2 A) United States Renal Data System. 2023 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2023. B) Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (Feb 2021 & Aug 2022) Accessed March 23, 2024. https://www.dopps.org/DPM-HD/DPMSlideBrowser.aspx. C) Karaboyas A. Identifying optimal anemia management practices in hemodialysis. Dissertation. University of Michigan; 2019. D) Cizman B, Smith HT, Camejo RR, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent hyporesponsiveness in the post-bundling era. Kidney Med. 2020;2(5):589-599.e1. E) Sarnak MJ, Agarwal R, Boudville N, et al. Vadadustat for treatment of anemia in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease receiving peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023; 38:2358-2367. 3 Cizman B, Smith HT, Camejo RR, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent hyporesponsiveness in the post-bundling era. Kidney Med. 2020;2(5):589-599.e1. 4 Evans M, Bower H, Cockburn E, Jacobson SH, Barany P, Carrero JJ. Contemporary management of anaemia, erythropoietin resistance and cardiovascular risk in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: a nationwide analysis. Clin Kidney J. 2020 May 1;13(5):821-827. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa054. PMID: 33123358; PMCID: PMC7577763 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7577763/) 5 Vafseo ATU Baseline; Presented by Instar Research; April 2024; Produced for Akebia Therapeutics 6 FMC Capital Markets Day 2023 presentation, DaVita 2022 Annual Report and Akebia internal calculations 7 DOPPS.org: Weekly IV epoetin dose received (30 day average) 8 Evans M, Bower H, Cockburn E, Jacobson SH, Barany P, Carrero JJ. Contemporary management of anaemia, erythropoietin resistance and cardiovascular risk in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: a nationwide analysis. Clin Kidney J. 2020 May 1;13(5):821-827. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa054. PMID: 33123358; PMCID: PMC7577763 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7577763/) 9 Vafseo Pulse: Q3 2024 September 2024; Presented by Instar Research; September 2024; Produce for Akebia Therapeutics 10 Retrospective analysis of 20,454 patients who initiated HD from the 2012-2013 USRDS ESRD Database and CROWNWeb. Pre-HD ESA use is defined by data from Medicare Parts A and B claims, Medicare Part D claims, or the ESRD Medical Evidence Report. Post-HD ESA use was determined from ESRD monthly dialysis claims; Wetmore JB, et al. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203767 11 Retrospective analysis of 20,454 patients who initiated HD from the 2012-2013 USRDS ESRD Database and CROWNWeb. HR adjusted for demographic factors, primary cause of ESRD, duration of pre-dialysis nephrology care, and comorbid conditions. Patients with pre-HD Hb ≥9.0 g/dL received ESA pre- and post-HD; those with pre-HD Hb <9.0 g/dL received ESA post-HD and had increased Hb.; Wetmore JB, et al. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203767 12 Analysis of 31,472 veterans from the USRDS Special Study Center Transition of Care in CKD who transitioned to ESRD between October 2007 and March 2014. HR adjusted for case-mix and MICS.; Kleine CE, et al. Am J Nephrol. 2018;47:333-342 13 Spherix Global Insights; Patient Chart Dynamix; Chronic Kidney Disease, ND (US) 2024 14 Spherix Global Insights; Patient Chart Dynamix; Chronic Kidney Disease, ND (US) 2024
SOURCES 28 15 Spherix Global Insights; Patient Chart Dynamix; Chronic Kidney Disease, ND (US) 2024 16 Stauffer ME, Fan T. Prevalence of anemia in chronic kidney disease in the United States. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 2;9(1):e84943. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084943. PMID: 24392162; PMCID: PMC3879360 17 The New England Journal of Medicine, April 29, 2-21, Vol.384 No. 17; Vadadustat in Patients with Anemia and Non-Dialysis Dependent CKD, G.M. Chertow (Manuscript Page 1595; Supplemental Appendix, Page 42) 18 iDataResearch, December 9, 2023: https://idataresearch.com/over-900000-cardiac-surgeries-performed-every-year-in-the-united-states/ 19 Matthay, M.A., Zemans, R.L. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Treatment, (2011); internal estimates 20 Bhatnagar et al., Epidemiology of ROP in the US From 2003 to 2019. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2023;141(5):479-485